
Buddha
Guru yang menjelaskan makna brahmana berdasarkan kehidupan yang dijalani.
Vāseṭṭhasutta
Dua brahmana muda berdebat apakah seseorang menjadi brahmana karena kelahiran atau perbuatan. Buddha menjawab dalam syair: perbedaan makhluk tampak pada ciri tubuh, tetapi di antara manusia keluhuran ditentukan oleh cara hidup. Inilah Vāseṭṭha Sutta.

Guru yang menjelaskan makna brahmana berdasarkan kehidupan yang dijalani.
Brahmana muda yang berpendapat bahwa perbuatan menentukan seseorang.
Brahmana muda yang semula membela keunggulan berdasarkan kelahiran.
Hutan tempat kedua pemuda meminta keputusan Buddha.
Nama dan garis keturunan adalah kesepakatan; watak serta tindakanlah yang memperlihatkan siapa seseorang sebenarnya.
Dua pemuda brahmana, Vāseṭṭha dan Bhāradvāja, berselisih tentang apa yang membuat seseorang benar-benar menjadi brahmana: kelahiran atau perilaku. Mereka membawa persoalan itu kepada Buddha. Buddha menunjukkan bahwa pada tumbuhan dan hewan terdapat ciri-ciri yang membedakan jenis, tetapi pada manusia perbedaan seperti rambut, kepala atau tubuh tidak menciptakan spesies kasta yang terpisah. Manusia disebut petani karena pekerjaannya, pengrajin karena pekerjaannya, pedagang karena pekerjaannya—dan demikian pula seseorang menjadi luhur melalui perbuatannya. Uraian berpuncak pada gambaran brahmana sejati sebagai orang yang telah melepaskan kemelekatan dan belenggu, bukan orang yang hanya memiliki silsilah tertentu.
mn98:11.1 I don’t call someone a brahmin
mn98:11.2 after the mother’s womb they’re born from.
mn98:11.3 If they still have attachments,
mn98:11.4 they’re just someone who says ‘worthy’.
mn98:11.5 Having nothing, taking nothing:
mn98:11.6 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.7 Having cut off all fetters
mn98:11.8 they have no anxiety;
mn98:11.9 they’ve slipped their chains and are detached:
mn98:11.10 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.11 They’ve cut the strap and harness,
mn98:11.12 the halter and bridle too;
mn98:11.13 with cross-bar lifted, they’re awakened:
mn98:11.14 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.15 Abuse, killing, caging:
mn98:11.16 they endure these without anger.
mn98:11.17 Patience is their powerful army:
mn98:11.18 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.19 Not irritable or pretentious,
mn98:11.20 dutiful in precepts and observances,
mn98:11.21 tamed, bearing their final body:
mn98:11.22 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.23 Like water from a lotus leaf,
mn98:11.24 like a mustard seed off the point of a pin,
mn98:11.25 sensual pleasures slip off them:
mn98:11.26 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.27 They understand for themselves
mn98:11.28 the end of suffering in this life;
mn98:11.29 with burden put down, detached:
mn98:11.30 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.31 Deep in wisdom, intelligent,
mn98:11.32 expert in the path and what is not the path;
mn98:11.33 arrived at the highest goal:
mn98:11.34 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.35 Mixing with neither
mn98:11.36 householders nor the homeless;
mn98:11.37 a migrant with no bastion, few in wishes:
mn98:11.38 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.39 They’ve laid aside violence
mn98:11.40 against creatures firm and frail;
mn98:11.41 not killing or making others kill:
mn98:11.42 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.43 Not fighting among those who fight,
mn98:11.44 quenched among those who have taken up arms,
mn98:11.45 not grasping among those who grasp:
mn98:11.46 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.47 They’ve discarded greed and hate,
mn98:11.48 along with conceit and contempt,
mn98:11.49 like a mustard seed off the point of a pin:
mn98:11.50 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.51 The words they utter
mn98:11.52 are polished, informative, and true,
mn98:11.53 and don’t offend anyone:
mn98:11.54 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.55 They don’t steal anything in the world,
mn98:11.56 long or short,
mn98:11.57 tiny or huge, beautiful or ugly:
mn98:11.58 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.59 They have no hope
mn98:11.60 for this world or the next;
mn98:11.61 with no need for hope, detached:
mn98:11.62 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.63 They have no clinging,
mn98:11.64 knowledge has freed them of indecision,
mn98:11.65 they’ve arrived at the objective of freedom from death:
mn98:11.66 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.67 They’ve escaped the chain
mn98:11.68 of both good and bad deeds;
mn98:11.69 sorrowless, stainless, pure:
mn98:11.70 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.71 Pure as the spotless moon,
mn98:11.72 clear and unclouded,
mn98:11.73 they’ve ended relish for rebirth:
mn98:11.74 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.75 They’ve got past this grueling swamp
mn98:11.76 of delusion, transmigration.
mn98:11.77 Meditating in stillness, free of indecision,
mn98:11.78 they have crossed over to the far shore.
mn98:11.79 They’re quenched by not grasping:
mn98:11.80 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.81 They’ve given up sensual pleasures,
mn98:11.82 and have gone forth from lay life;
mn98:11.83 they’ve ended rebirth in the sensual realm:
mn98:11.84 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.85 They’ve given up craving,
mn98:11.86 and have gone forth from lay life;
mn98:11.87 they’ve ended craving to be reborn:
mn98:11.88 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.89 They’ve thrown off the human yoke,
mn98:11.90 and slipped out of the heavenly yoke;
mn98:11.91 unyoked from all yokes:
mn98:11.92 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.93 Giving up desire and discontent,
mn98:11.94 they’re cooled and free of attachments;
mn98:11.95 a hero, master of the whole world:
mn98:11.96 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.97 They know the passing away
mn98:11.98 and rebirth of all beings;
mn98:11.99 unattached, holy, awakened:
mn98:11.100 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.101 Gods, centaurs, and humans
mn98:11.102 don’t know their destiny;
mn98:11.103 the perfected ones with defilements ended:
mn98:11.104 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.105 They have nothing before or after,
mn98:11.106 or even in between.
mn98:11.107 Having nothing, taking nothing:
mn98:11.108 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.109 Captain of the herd, excellent hero,
mn98:11.110 great seer and victor;
mn98:11.111 unstirred, washed, awakened:
mn98:11.112 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
mn98:11.113 They who know their past lives,
mn98:11.114 see heaven and places of loss,
mn98:11.115 and have attained the end of rebirth:
mn98:11.116 that’s who I declare a brahmin.
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