MN 82 · Khotbah tentang Raṭṭhapāla

Tokoh, tempat, dan gagasan utamanya

Raṭṭhapāla meninggalkan kemewahan dan menjadi bhikkhu meski ditentang keluarganya. Saat pulang, ia menjelaskan kepada Raja Koravya empat ringkasan Dhamma tentang dunia yang rapuh dan tidak pernah memuaskan. Inilah Raṭṭhapāla Sutta.

TOKOH

Raṭṭhapāla

Putra keluarga kaya yang memilih kehidupan tanpa rumah dan mencapai pembebasan.

TOKOH

Raja Koravya

Raja yang bertanya mengapa Raṭṭhapāla meninggalkan dunia tanpa didorong penderitaan biasa.

TEMPAT

Thullakoṭṭhita, negeri Kuru

Kampung halaman Raṭṭhapāla dan latar kepulangannya.

GAGASAN

Empat ringkasan Dhamma

Dunia tersapu usia, tanpa pelindung sejati, tanpa kepemilikan kekal, dan selalu haus akan lebih banyak.

Visual pengantar Tiga Keranjang · bukan bagian dari teks kanonik.

Sinopsis singkat

Raṭṭhapāla berasal dari keluarga kaya di negeri Kuru. Setelah mendengar Buddha, ia ingin meninggalkan kehidupan rumah tangga, tetapi orang tuanya menolak. Ia melakukan mogok makan sampai mereka akhirnya mengizinkan dengan syarat kelak kembali berkunjung. Setelah menjadi bhikkhu dan mencapai tujuan latihan, Raṭṭhapāla pulang. Keluarganya mencoba menariknya kembali dengan kekayaan dan mantan istri, tetapi ia tidak tergoyahkan. Raja Koravya kemudian bertanya mengapa seseorang yang masih muda, sehat, kaya dan tidak kehilangan kerabat memilih kehidupan tanpa rumah. Raṭṭhapāla menjawab dengan empat ringkasan Dhamma: dunia tidak stabil, tidak memiliki pelindung, tidak benar-benar dapat dimiliki, dan manusia terus mengejar keinginan tanpa pernah merasa cukup.

BAGIAN 41

mn82:41.1 You also said this: ‘The world is wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.’

mn82:41.3 How should I see the meaning of this statement?”

mn82:41.4 “What do you think, Great King?

mn82:41.5 Do you reign over the prosperous land of Kuru?”

mn82:41.6 “Indeed I do.”

mn82:41.7 “What do you think, Great King?

mn82:41.8 Suppose a trustworthy and dependable man were to come from the east.

mn82:41.9 He’d approach you and say:

mn82:41.10 ‘Please, Great King, you should know this. I come from the east.

mn82:41.11 There I saw a large country that is successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.

mn82:41.12 They have many divisions of elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry.

mn82:41.13 And there’s plenty of money and grain,

mn82:41.14 plenty of gold, coined and uncoined, worked and unworked,

mn82:41.15 and plenty of women for the taking.

mn82:41.16 With your current forces you can conquer it.

mn82:41.17 Conquer it, Great King!’ What would you do?”

mn82:41.18 “I would conquer it and reign over it.”

mn82:41.19 “What do you think, Great King?

mn82:41.20 Suppose a trustworthy and dependable man were to come from the west,

mn82:41.21 north,

mn82:41.22 south,

mn82:41.23 or from over the ocean.

mn82:41.24 He’d approach you and say the same thing.

mn82:41.32 What would you do?”

mn82:41.33 “I would conquer it and reign over it.”

mn82:41.34 “This is what the Buddha was referring to when he said:

mn82:41.35 ‘The world is wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.’

mn82:41.36 And it was after knowing and seeing and hearing this that I went forth from the lay life to homelessness.”

mn82:41.37 “It’s incredible, worthy Raṭṭhapāla, it’s amazing,

mn82:41.38 how well said this was by the Buddha.

mn82:41.40 For the world is indeed wanting, insatiable, the slave of craving.”