MN 40 · Khotbah Pendek di Assapura

Tokoh, tempat, dan gagasan utamanya

Dalam versi lebih ringkas, Buddha kembali mengingatkan para bhikkhu di Assapura bahwa mempraktikkan jalan sesuai gelar 'petapa' — bukan sekadar penampilan luar — adalah yang membebaskan dari kejahatan dan noda batin. Inilah Cūḷaassapura Sutta.

TOKOH

Buddha

Guru yang menegaskan bahwa praktik nyata, bukan penampilan luar, yang membebaskan dari noda batin.

TEMPAT

Assapura (negeri Aṅga)

Kota di negeri suku Aṅga, tempat Buddha menyampaikan versi ringkas ajaran ini.

KONSEP

Praktik, bukan penampilan

Bukan penampilan luar sebagai petapa yang membebaskan seseorang dari kejahatan dan noda batin, melainkan praktik nyata: meninggalkan keserakahan, kebencian, dan pandangan salah.

Visual pengantar Tiga Keranjang · bukan bagian dari teks kanonik.

Sinopsis singkat

Buddha meminta para bhikkhu memeriksa apakah kualitas yang membuat seseorang benar-benar menjadi samaṇa masih terdapat dalam diri mereka. Ia menyebut keserakahan, kebencian, kemarahan, dendam, penghinaan, iri hati, kekikiran, tipu daya, keinginan buruk dan pandangan salah sebagai noda yang harus ditinggalkan. Seseorang tidak menjadi petapa hanya karena memakai jubah, hidup telanjang, berdebu, mandi ritual, tinggal di bawah pohon atau melakukan berbagai laku lahiriah. Setelah kualitas buruk ditinggalkan, seorang praktisi mengembangkan cinta kasih, belas kasih, kegembiraan altruistik dan keseimbangan ke segala arah. Dengan batin seperti itu, pembebasan ditunjukkan sebagai hasil transformasi batin, bukan identitas atau ritual.

BAGIAN 6

mn40:6.1 Imagine that just by wearing an outer robe someone with covetousness, ill will, irritability, acrimony, disdain, contempt, jealousy, stinginess, deviousness, deceit, corrupt wishes, and wrong view could give up these things. If that were the case, your friends and colleagues, relatives and kin would make you an outer robe wearer as soon as you were born. They’d encourage you:

mn40:6.2 ‘Please, dearest, wear an outer robe! By doing so you will give up covetousness, ill will, irritability, acrimony, disdain, contempt, jealousy, stinginess, deviousness, deceit, corrupt wishes, and wrong view.’

mn40:6.3 But sometimes I see someone with these bad qualities who is an outer robe wearer. That’s why I say that you don’t deserve the label ‘outer robe wearer’ just because you wear an outer robe.

mn40:6.4 Imagine that just by going naked …

mn40:6.5 wearing dust and dirt …

mn40:6.6 immersing in water …

mn40:6.7 staying at the root of a tree …

mn40:6.8 staying in the open air …

mn40:6.9 standing continually …

mn40:6.10 eating at set intervals …

mn40:6.11 reciting hymns …

mn40:6.12 having matted hair someone with covetousness, ill will, irritability, acrimony, disdain, contempt, jealousy, stinginess, deviousness, deceit, corrupt wishes, and wrong view could give up these things. If that were the case, your friends and colleagues, relatives and kin would make you a matted-hair ascetic as soon as you were born. They’d encourage you:

mn40:6.13 ‘Please, dearest, become a matted-hair ascetic! By doing so you will give up covetousness, ill will, irritability, hostility, disdain, contempt, jealousy, stinginess, deviousness, deceit, corrupt wishes, and wrong view.’

mn40:6.14 But sometimes I see someone with these bad qualities who is a matted-hair ascetic. That’s why I say that you don’t deserve the label ‘matted-hair ascetic’ just because you have matted hair.